GlobeCore’s Oil Regeneration (Reclamation) Units are “Two-in-One” industrial systems that not only Purify used and/or contaminated oil, but completely Regenerate/Reclaim the used oil and restore used oil to its original new condition.

This new, industry leading technology was designed by GlobeCore’s engineers and the UVR units can perform oil and fuel regeneration/reclamation at a fraction of the cost of replacing used oil with new oil.

Today we are going to learn the difference between “Oil Purification” and “Oil Regeneration/Reclamation” and why purification alone is no longer cost effective.

Fuelcleaning.GlobeCore.com

Oil Purification

Oil Purification is a process that eliminates and/or reduces contamination in the oil through a means of filtration, dehydration, degasification, or some other processes that essentially cleans the oil of water, gases, and particulate matter. The typical process involves mechanical filtration and vacuum degassing. It can be performed with the transformer online or offline.

Current purification methods are normally effective in the removal of gases, particulate matter (down to 0.2 microns) and some, but not all, of the water/moisture found in the used oil.  Typical oil purification methods are usually sufficient to correct “electrical voltage breakdown” (EVB) caused by a combination of particulate matter and water in the oil which is a very common condition found in transformers in service for more than a couple of years.

In order to maintain the dielectric and insulating properties of the oil, it is necessary to perform the purification process on a routine or scheduled maintenance basis.  The “Purification Process” however, is not a long term solution for a wet transformer.  Oil Purification removes only a small fraction of the water suspended or dissolved in the oil and does not remove water and acids from the Kraft Insulating Paper.  To obtain nearly all water removal from the transformer oil and paper, a more powerful and complete process called “Regeneration” must be applied.  This process is also known as Reclamation.

Oil Regeneration

Oil Regeneration: The GlobeCore “Two for One” Engineering Miracle.  Oil Regeneration is a process that not only completely purifies used transformer oil; it improves the oil color and removes substances such as acids, aldehides, ketones, etc. that the standard purification processes cannot remove.  Oil Regeneration therefore, performs all the purification processes and goes beyond the purification process by removing the water and other acids, contaminates and particulate matter from the oil and the rest of the transformer including the paper.

When the “regenerated oil” is placed back in the transformer, it is in the same condition as it was when new and unused.  Additionally, the Kraft Insulating Paper has been dried and the acids, particulate matter, watrer and other contaminants are effectively removed thereby extending the service life of the paper.

The GlobeCore Oil RegenerationProcess also known as the GlobeCore Process, does not replace the purification process, but incorporates purification into the complete regeneration process as the two processes are combined into one service process thereby saving time and money.  The GlobeCore Process services the entire transformer and not just the oil!

The GlobeCore UVR units provide onsite and online servicing through regeneration and sludge removal. The following is a list of benefits to using GlobeCore regeneration units:

• Reduces moisture in the oil to below 10 ppm
• Reduces acidity to less than 0.01mg KOH/g in the oil
• Dielectric strength of the oil is improved to 70 kV or higher
• Interfacial tension is improved up to 40 Dynes
• The Tan Delta of the oil is improved to equal less than 0.001
• Sludge suspended or dissolved in the oil is removed
• Sludge deposits found elsewhere in the transformer are also removed
• Particulate matter is removed down to 0.2 microns
• The oxidation stability of the oil is restored to the original new oil condition
• The color of the oil is restored to new condition
• The dielectric strength of the solid insulation is improved
• Degradation of the solid insulation is halted thereby extending the service life of the transformer

Oil purification alone is no longer an efficient and cost effective way of servicing and maintaining your transformers.  GlobeCore’s Oil Regeneration equipment will completely purify and place the used oil into the same new original condition it was in when first installed in the transformer. GlobeCore Oil Regeneration Equipment equals big savings and reduced electric service interruptions.

GlobeCore Oil Regeneration Advantages:

• No oil transportation costs because the oil is saved
• No large quantities of new oil is required
• No used oil storage and disposal costs
• No negative environmental impact from used oil disposal
• No additional transformer maintenance costs because all sludge is dissolved and removed from the core, coils, windings, cooling fins, and ducts.
• No contaminants remain in the transformer because the GlobeCore Process regenerates and purifies in one process
• No vacuum drawing costs
• No oil spillage danger because the automated process is completed while the transformer remains online with minimal human operation. No used oil is handled by the one man service crew.
• No service disruption to down line customers because the transformer can remain energized and online during the process

GlobeCore’s Industry Leading “GlobeCore Process” provides many financial and environmental benefits as compared to simple oil replacement.  To start, the transformer can remain energized and online during the regeneration process.  Although the transformer must be de-energized when the GlobeCore Regeneration unit is connected to and disconnected from the transformer, the remaining regeneration process can be performed while the transformer remains in service providing electricity to your customers.

The GlobeCore “Regeneration Process” is superior to changing oil for several reasons. First, merely changing the oil leaves as much as 15% of the contaminated/used oil in the transformer coils and windings. The old dirty oil will then contaminate the new oil effectively reducing the service life of the new oil. Second, the Kraft Insulating Paper will retain the acids, moisture, and particulate matter that will continue to actively degrade the insulating paper and shorten service life.

The GlobeCore“Regeneration Process” removes 99% of all contaminates from the entire transformer including the paper, coils and windings.  The regeneration process leaves no dirty oil behind because the existing oil is restored to original new clean condition.  No dirt or sludge remains in the paper halting the degradation process thereby extending the service life of the insulating paper and the transformer.

Changing the oil is a process that can take three weeks or longer to perform and requires that the transformer be de-energized and taken offline. The GlobeCore Process can be performed in as little as one to five days by a one man crew and the transformer can remain in service during the process.

The GlobeCore Process eliminates the expense and environmental hazards in removing oil, refilling oil, transporting new and used oil, and disposing of used oil.

The GlobeCore Process also eliminates the possibility of mixing different brands of oils with different specifications to replace the original factory fill oil since the used oil is not replaced, but restored to original condition.

The GlobeCore Transformer Regeneration System can be used with new transformers to start a lifetime preventive maintenance program that will extend the service life of transformers between 5 and 10 years and possibly longer.

GlobeCore offers the new UVR units for both oil and fuel regeneration and are currently in use in more than 70 countries worldwide.

Advantages of GlobeCore Oil Regeneration Plants UVR units:

• Regenerate nearly any type of mineral oils (e. g. transformer oil, insulating oil, industrial oil, turbine oil, dark heating or crude oil, dark gasoline, dark diesel oil, kerosene, gas condensates, etc.)
• Removal of aromatics, unsaturated hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide and other additives
• Removal of mechanical impurities, water, particulate matter, etc.
• Restore and improve oils/fuels to like new condition
• Protects the environment by eliminating oil waste
• Low price to high benefit ratio with low operating costs

(It is not cost effective to regenerate used engine oil and used Diesel oil at this time)

The GlobeCore UVR plants/units are produced in the following configurations:

• Framed
• Containerized
• Explosion proof (for regeneration of gas condensate, kerosene and other inflammable petroleum products).

To get more technical information about the GlobeCore reclamation plants/equipment, please call us or arrange a visit to our production facilities and we will demonstrate how the UVR systems work.

Its time to get with the Process;  The GlobeCore Process!

The bottlenecks in production of rubber and latex articles are long desintegration and mixing time, difficulty of uniform distribution of extenders and other ingredients into the caoutchouc and latex, long vulcanization time.

To activate particle surface of extender (for example, soot) it can be exposed to the grinding by ball or vibrating mills. But this processing way is labour-intensive and gives marginal effect. Most effective way is chemical modification of the extender.

One of the ways of kaolin chemical modification is based on the common sedimentation of kaolin and calcium silicate suspension. In this case calcium silicate is generated during the blending of sodium silicate solution with calcium chloride.

It was investigated that kaolin surface activation in AVS unit leads to increasing of the durability of rubber-based vulcanizate to 84,3%.

Modification of the extender leads to increasing of durability of the vulcanizate. It can be explained by creation of adsorbed layer of modifying agent on the kaolin particle surface which helps to adsorption and chemical bond formation between the particles of extender and caoutchouc’s molecules.

We have investigated that by using AVS unit (table 1) kaolin surface activation leads to increasing of the durability of rubber-based vulcanizate to 84,3%. At the same time other characteristics are not changed. The best results were obtained when we treated the kaolin by vortex layer from 1 to 5 minutes.

Table 1

Rubber tensile strength, obtained on the base of rubber SKS-30 AKRP-N filled by activated kaolin (σр·10-5 Pа*)

Cure time under 143ºС, min	Kaolin activation time by AVS-100, min					Kaolin activation time by ball mill, min
	0	1	2	3	4	30	60	120
20	2,9	39,3	3,9	—	—	—	—	—
30	9,81	22,6	24,5	73,6	6,57	9,8	45,1	43,2
40	21,6	32,4	41,2	92,2	86,3	21,6	65,7	64,7
60	62,8	58,9	57,9	116,0	105,0	63,8	47,1	51,0
80	55,0	50,0	76,6	92,2	55,0	29,4	29,4	55,0

* Specific elongation and residual elongation, vulcanization rigidity were not changed

 Chalk processing for 10 minutes by means of vortex later leads to increasing of structural behaviours to 51,5% (table 2). At the same time chalk processing by ball mill has no effects on the durability of the vulcanizate. Increasing of rubber`s durability filled by extenders activated in AVS is reached by means of growing of adsorptive capacity of these extenders.

It was established that by using AVS unit for kaolin processing its adsorptive capacity can be increased in 2-3 times.

 Table 2

Rubber tensile strength, obtained on the base of rubber

SKS-30 AKRP-N filled by activated chalk (σр·10-5 Pа*)

Cure time under 143ºС, min	Chalk activation time by AVS-100, min							Chalk activation time by ball mill, min
	0	1	2	3	5	10	20	3	60	120
30	—	34,3	26,5	29,4	30,4	25,5	25,5	—	—	—
40	32,4	33,3	30,4	32,4	43,2	49,0	36,6	33,3	33,3	40,2
60	35,3	22,6	29,4	29,4	29,4	44,1	29,4	25,3	32,4	38,3
80	27,5	27,5	22,6	30,4	34,3	36,3	35,3	21,5	28,5	30,4

From 1 to 10 minutes of treatment has continued directly-proportional dependence: adsorption capacity of kaolin increases proportional to the time of processing by AVS. Adsorption amount depends from the balance between solid and liquid phases, value of magnetic induction in the working chamber of AVS unit, form and size of ferromagnetic particles, density of vortex layer.

Adsorption capacity of kaolin increases proportional to the time of processing by AVS

Extremely strong change of extender’s adsorption capacity permits to apply AVS unit for chemical modification of kaolin and chalk.

 Filling of caoutchouc by kaolin modified at the vortex layer by means of one of universal inhibitor (DMBA) leads to cure rate increasing in 5-8 times and vulcanizate durability increasing in 2 times.

 Possibility of dry powders chemical modification is the one of the particularities of AVS unit application. Effect of rubber reinforcement and applying such extenders depends from the processing time and operational conditions of the vortex layer.

 In the rubber production process by using latex the most volume of expenditures are paid for preparation of ingredient`s dispersion, curing agent dispersion, kaolin and soot, etc. On our and foreign plants these dispersions are prepared by using ball and vibration mills. In this case grinding duration can reached 70 hours or even more.

 Application of AVS unit intensifies the process of suspension production and allows increasing the quality of products.

Table 3

Comparative data of sodium fluate stability

obtained by using AVS and ball mill

Suspension preparation time		Maximum particles size, mcm	Daily settle, %
by AVS, seconds	by Ball mill, hours
10	—	3	35
20	—	2	34
30	—	1	27
60	—	1	26
—	48	5	100

This table shows that by using AVS can be obtained fine and stable suspension of sodium fluate. In this case time of preparation can be reduced in 1700 times.

Our technology is implemented by different factories to produce suspension of latex technology. Productivity of this unit is 1 m3/h (fig. 1). Application of AVS units give a possibility to replace 8 vibration mills (each of these mill has a volume 400 liters), and in addition implement to the uninterrupted process which allow increasing the quality of manufactured product.

Table 4

Comparative data of latex sponge physical and mechanical properties

The mode of vulcanizator’s general dispersion preparation	Physical and mechanical properties of the latex foam
	volume weight, gr/cm3	Hardness НВ·10-5, Pа	Breaking strengthσр·10-5 Pа	Stretch ratio, %	Elastic recovery, %	Residual deformation after repeated compression, %
Ball mill	0,102	0,198	0,338	137	88	19
	0,119	0,173	0,322	133	89	28
	0,106	0,154	0,326	108	91	25
	0,126	0,204	0,334	126	91	15
AVS	0,099	0,097	0,400	176	90	1,2
	0,101	0,091	0,401	180	90	0,9
	0,101	0,098	0,407	180	98	1,2
	0,101	0,098	0,407	180	98	1,2

By using AVS we can obtain such mixtures of kaolin and natural latex (parotex) which is antifloating during 2 weeks.

 All prepared in AVS suspensions are very stable and antifloating. After 5 min mixing in AVS unit we obtain suspension which separate during the day only in 5 %. The same suspension but obtained by using ball mill (processing time – 4 hours), is separating during the day in 100%.

The carbon black suspension prepared by AVS is antifloating. At the same time, the same suspension prepared in ball mill is unstable and after one day is completely separated.

 The efficiency of AVS unit on latex production is obvious.

If you don’t found on this website the information you need concerning application of AVS unit, you can contact directly with the manager in charge of AVS unit by using only following email: [email protected] or skype: mg5globecore_de and we will prepare for you all required information as soon as possible

Fluorine-containing wastewater

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 The wastewater from chemical and metallurgical enterprises which contain fluorine compounds is classified as harmful wastewater. Treatment of these wastewater from fluorine involves some problems and requires of considerable expenses and expensive reagents.

 Water treatment from slight fluorine concentration is extremely important. These difficulties are concerned with chemical particularities of fluorine compounds. As is well-known, the substantial dissolubility has only alkali metal salts of fluoride, potassium, and ammonium.

 Regardless of the fact that all metal  fluorides (except for alkali metal fluoride) named as “marginally soluble” or “insoluble”, their solubility exceed the acceptable sanitary regulation for fluorine content in water in tens of times.

 Enterprises encounter with formidable difficulties during the treatment of wastewater from fluorine. For example, acidic water from superphosphate production plants contains up to 2,5 g/l of fluorine. The chalk or lime milk is usually used for wastewater neutralization and fluorine elimination. The water is treats by the chalk (lime milk) in the 40 m³ reactor-neutralizers which are equip by arm mixers. Hardly soluble substances such as CaF₂, CaSO₄, CaHPO₄, Ca₃(PO₄)₂ are precipitated in the result of chemical transformation.

Methods of wastewater treatment from fluorine

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Usually enterprises are used two methods of fluorine-containing wastewater treatment:

• Chemical method by using different reagents;
• Sorption method

 As reagents in the chemical method of wastewater treatment can be used lime, calcium salt, magnesium salt, lead salt, basic ammonia chloride and others.

 It was observed that application of AVS unit for fluorine-containing wastewater treatment is more effective than current used equipment

Compared to other salts which can be used as a reagent, the calcium salt has more advantages. Application of calcium salt allows creating of highly coagulable sediments.

Neutralizing product (calcium fluoride) can be used as commercial product. This product is comparative marginally soluble (dissolubility is 15,6 mg/dm³)

The most effective fluorine ions precipitating agent is technological lime. Active calcium oxide containing in the lime has a significant importance. Other chemical precipitating agents leave a great quantity of its in treated wastewater.

It is established that the presence of HCO^–₃ and SO^2-₄ ions in wastewater is the cause of increasing of CaF₂ sedimentation speed. To the contrary, the presence of fluorine ions in the water is the cause of decreasing of CaF₂ sedimentation. Therefore it should be noted that it is impossible to well purify the wastewater from fluorine by use only reagents whose action is focused only on chemical reaction of sedimentation.

The sorption method of wastewater treatment is based on utilization of different sorbents which are acting under the chemisorption principle.

Let us look at the following wastewater characteristic and description of the technological schema of wastewater treatment of superphosphate production (chemical method of treatment is used). The wastewater contain not less than 1500 mg/dm³ of fluorine, not less than 6500 mg/dm³ of phosphates, pH is on level 2,5-3,5.

Chalk and lime is wide used by enterprises as a reagent for neutralization and treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater. Hardly soluble and insoluble compounds such as CaF₂, CaHPO₄, Ca₃(PO₄)₂, SiO₂ are precipitate in the result of chemical transformations

Traditional used method of treatment from fluorine

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 Neutralization and treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater is made in the following way.

Pre-treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater begin in the lime-slaking apparatus in which prepare the lime milk with 1-3% active CaO content.

Installation of the AVS-100 unit enables one to provide a treatment quality below the maximum permissible concentration, reduces the consumption of reagent by 1.5-2 times, the consumption of energy by 2 times, reduces the working area by 10-15%, which results in high economic benefits

Partially defluorinated wastes with pH level 10-13 are entered in the intermediate container and then by natural flow are entered to reactors. Further treatment is carried out in the chain of reactors

Neutralized and defluorinated wastewater are entered in clarifier. The wastewater settles out in that clarifier basin. Residual fluorine content in sterilized wastewater is 50-60 mg/dm³, pH 8-12, calcium content is 2500-6000 mg/dm³. Sterilization time in reactors is 30 min.

It was investigated that if we use the chalk as a reagent for fluorine-containing wastewater treatment, we obtain the residual fluorine content in the water in 1,5-3 times and phosphate ions in 10-20 times more than if we use the lime milk. In this level of treatment we cannot discharge the defluorinated wastewater into water supply sources. Fluorine content cannot exceed 1,5-60 mg/dm³.

Application of AVS unit for fluorine-containing wastewater treatment

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In this investigation we have used

• wastewater with fluorines content 1375 mg/dm³,
• phosphates – 4500 mg/dm³,
• water pH – 3.3,
• 10% concentration lime milk,
• processing time in the AVS unit – 1-30 seconds,
• reagent consumption – 70-120% from stoichiometric,
• pH of defluorinatation process – 4-12.

Results of investigations are on the table 1

Table 1

 Fluorine content in wastewater after treatment by AVS unit, mg/dm³ 

Lime milk consumption (active CaO), %	Processing time, s
	1	3	5	10	20	30
70 % fromstoichiometric calculation	90,00	88,0	86,0	84,0	82,0	80,0
90 % fromstoichiometric calculation	42,0	40,0	38,5	36,5	34,6	33,0
stoichiometric calculation	30,0	29,0	25,0	23,5	19,0	17,0
110 % fromstoichiometric calculation	20	15	12	9	6,0	2,0

 As is known, pH of the medium has a considerable influence on the wastewater treatment process. Optimum pH of the medium leads to the optimal treatment results.

For this investigation we have used the wastewater with following content: fluorine – 1375 mg/dm³; phosphates – 4500 mg/dm³. During the treatment process we changed the wastewater pH from 4 to 12.25 by using 10% lime milk. Processing time is 1-3 seconds.

Results of investigations are on the table 2

 Table 2

The pH influence on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment after processing by AVS unit 

Residual content, mg/dm3	pH ofwastewater
	4	5	5,7	6,35	7,0	8,1	9,2	10,1	11,0	11,9	12,25
F	180,0	92,0	65,0	55,0	45,0	25,0	15,0	11,0	7,0	3,9	1,35
P2O5	1920,0	720,0	450,0	83,5	27,0	0,2	0	0	0	0	0

We have made our investigations in industrial conditions by using industrial installation of AVS unit. According to our technological schema, untreated waste from industrial shopfloor enters to the equalizing tank; lime milk (prepared in the lime carbonater extinguisher) enters into consumption tank.

Equalized waste and lime milk uninterruptedly enter the AVS unit by means of dosing pump. All these components are mixed (also take place dispergation and electromagnetic processing) and are entered to the settling tank for further defecation. Flow meters are controlling the consumption of wastewater and lime milk, pH of wastewater are controlling by pH meter.

Results of investigation are on the table 3

Table 3

The influence of lime milk consumption on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment after processing by AVS
(ferromagnetic particles: steel, d=1,6 мм, l=16 мм, m=175 g, τ=3 с)

Residual content of harmful agent, mg/dm3	Lime milk consumption (CaO) from theoretical calculation, %
	70	80	90	100	110	120
Fluorine content (F)	98,0	60,0	35,0	20,0	10,0	0,75
Phosphates content (P2O5)	1290,0	750,0	8,4	0	0	0

Table 4

The influence of the processing by AVS on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment

Base values				Wastewater’s values after processing on AVS unit
Wastewater			Lime milk
pH	F, mg/dm3	P2O5, mg/dm3	CaO,%	pH	F, mg/dm3	P2O5, mg/dm3
3,65	350	2100	105	7,6	10	32
3,65	700	2250	105	8,2	7,5	8
5,9	1100	3200	105	9,2	5	0
3,0	1500	6500	105	11,5	1,2	0
3,0	1500	5100	110	11,6	1,15	0
3,95	750	5000	110	9,3	4,5	0
3,95	750	5050	110	8,6	7,1	0
3,95	750	5050	110	10,0	1,4	0

 It was observed that application of AVS unit for fluorine-containing wastewater treatment is more effective than current used equipment.

The productivity of AVS-100 unit is 15 m³/h, AVS-150 – up to 40 m³/h.

For reference, by using traditional methods of treatment from fluorine, neutralization process lasts 1-1.5 hours. Residual fluorine content in the water is 50-60 mg/l. Even if we will be using the chain of reactors, relative productivity cannot exceed 0.25 m3/h. As you can see – the effectiveness of AVS unit is obvious.

Besides, defluorination and insolubilizing of fluorine passes in one stage. Treated water contains 1.5 mg/dm³ of fluorine and there are no phosphates. Processing time of wastewater treatment in AVS unit is 1-3 seconds. It is rational to use the lime as a reagent.

Installation of the AVS-100 unit enables one to provide a treatment quality below the maximum permissible concentration, reduces the consumption of reagent by 1.5-2 times, the consumption of energy by 2 times, reduces the working area by 10-15%, which results in high economic benefits.

Nitrocompounds in wastewater

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 AVS unit can be also implemented for water treatment from aromatic nitrocompounds. Usage of AVS allows restore nitrocompounds to amines. For this process we can recommend ferromagnetic particles made from soft carbon steel and diameter 1-1.4 mm, l/d from 12 to 16 mm.