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Automatic Loading of the Grinding particles in the Working Chamber of the Vortex Layer Device

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Electromagnetic devices with a vortex layer of ferromagnetic particles were first proposed in the 1960s.  In these devices, complex interactions take place between ferromagnetic particles, fluids and materials that are being processed.  This speeds up the process of mixing and grinding.  Moreover, the vortex layer devices can successfully be used as reactors.

GlobeCore manufactures the AVS-100 and AVS-150 type vortex layer devices.  These units are highly versatile pieces of equipment that can be used for the following:

  • production of bone food paste;
  • production of mayonnaise;
  • processing vegetable raw materials;
  • cleaning vegetable oils;
  • intensification of the technological processes of bakery production;
  • cleaning wastewaters by removing chromium and other heavy metals;
  • production of biodiesel;
  • preparation of water-fuel emulsions; and
  • disinfection of liquid pig manure.

The effect of grinding the treated raw material depends on the nature of the movement of the ferromagnetic particles in the work chamber of the unit.  Grinding can be achieved by both free collision of the particles with the ferromagnetic elements and through a constrained collision between the two elements or elements and the housing.

During operation of the vortex layer devices, gradual abrasion of the ferromagnetic particles takes place.  This can lead to a decrease of their quantity and deterioration of the quality of processing of the feedstock.  During the technological process therefore, it is necessary to maintain the optimum amount of the ferromagnetic particles in the processing chamber.  This should be carried out in a continuous mode.  The stoppage of the production line every time the number of ferromagnetic elements falls below a critical level, in most cases, is simply not possible from the technical standpoint.

GlobeCore has developed and manufactures special devices that measure the amount of the ferromagnetic particles in the work chamber of the vortex layer devices.  In the case of critical values, the special devices are able to make the addition of new ones.  The optimal amount of the ferromagnetic elements for each technological process will vary, hence their critical amount will be different respectively.  The amount can be set on the control panel of the equipment.

Besides the production of vortex layer devices, GlobeCore also provides delivery for its work chambers and ferromagnetic particles in all corners of the globe.

GlobeCore’s Magnetic Metal Traps for the Food Industry

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One of the many possible applications of GlobeCore’s vortex layer devices is the processing of the liquid-phase found in heterogeneous systems.  GlobeCore’s Vortex Layer device is designed to intensify technological processes in various industries that include the food industry, chemical industry, and the microbiology industry.

The principle of operation of a vortex layer device is based on the chaotic motion of ferromagnetic particles under the influence of a rotating electromagnetic field.  A layer is formed in the active zone of the unit that is known as a vortex.  In this layer, an intense mixing and pulverizing of the treated materials takes place due to the uniform effect of the electromagnetic field, acoustic vibrations, and local high pressures on the materials in the vortex.

Studies carried out by the specialists of GlobeCore’s advanced Engineering Department have shown that the vortex layer devices can be successfully used in the production of highly profitable foodstuffs.  In particular, some include:

  • mayonnaise and high-calorie sauces;
  • flour products;
  • fruit juices;
  • sunflower oil; and
  • various other cooking oils.

The modern vortex layer device can improve the quality of consumer products being produced, reduce the time of production, and extend the shelf life of the finished products.

During processing of foodstuffs however, gradual abrasion of ferromagnetic particles takes place.  The presence of metal particles in food products is unacceptable.  To solve this problem, the use of magnetic metal traps was developed to remove any traces of metal particles.  The magnetic metal traps can effectively and continuously remove ferromagnetic particles from food mixtures, thereby preventing small metal particles from intruding into the final product.

GlobeCore offers magnetic flow metal traps manufactured specifically for use in food production lines featuring the AVS-100 or AVS-150 type vortex layer devices.  Upon request, it is possible to produce magnetic metal traps of the many required sizes for other industries.

Diesel Oil Purification: Modern approaches

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GlobeCore units are designed to purify, lighten, regenerate and remove aromatics from all types of diesel fuel and restoring it to a marketable condition and restoring its original performance characteristics.  Diesel fuel is acknowledged to be one of the most marketable oil products today due to such advantages as:

(1) relatively low price; and

(2) low fuel consumption rates.

Diesel engines have gained wide acceptance due to their reliability and efficiency.  As a result, millions of tons of such fuel are delivered to the world-wide market every year.  In speaking about diesel fuel, much attention should be paid to the problem of its contamination.  The use of fuel, containing different impurities, can lead to a rapid wear and damage of engine components and the entire fuel system.

If the fuel products are stored improperly, one oil product may penetrate into another one.   Even a small amount of foreign fuel may be sufficient to make the whole batch of diesel fuel unserviceable.  Fuel therefore, It is therefor, must be purified to avoid potential harm to engines and fuel systems.

The choice of the fuel purification method depends on the type of the contaminants and the way they get into diesel oil and fuel.  For example, modern vehicles are equipped with special filters.  First, diesel fuel is drawn to the fuel pump and runs through the special fine mesh filter. Then, diesel fuel is supplied to the pump that performs the function of a high-pressure regulator.   There may also be another device for diesel fuel purification – the coarse mesh filter, used to retain larger dirt particles.  Often, it is fixed at the bottom of a fuel pump.  Filter parts are usually situated in a transparent body since they are  also used for water separation.  Moisture will be visible and then must be be removed.

Some companies have a double fine mesh filter mounted: one part retains large particles and the other – particles that are less than 2 microns.  If paraffin happens to get into diesel fuel, the filters should be replaced.  Usually, there are two filters mounted into the vehicle: a  coarse mesh filter and a fine mesh filter.

The coarse mesh filter is also called a “sump” which is usually secured next to the fuel tank.  The fine mesh filter is fixed between the fuel injector and the fuel injection pump.  The coarse mesh filter can retain such impurities as metal particles, sand, rust or non-soluble oils.  The size of the particles should be more than 0.005 millimeters to provide effective filtration.  As a rule, filters are made of special brass moulded plates with calibrated slots that retain large contaminated particles.  The fuel purification methods, listed above, are performed directly on the vehicle.

You may be asking, what if there is a great amount of contaminated diesel fuel that has become contaminated and degraded and can no longer be sold or placed into the market?  This case requires a slightly different approach that consists in applying the benefits of the GlobeCore UVR line of units.  The GlobeCore UVR lines provides for the purification, lightening, regeneration and removal of aromatics from all types of diesel fuel.  As a result, the oil product is able to meet all the performance characteristics necessary for its further commerical use.  Additionally, it is very important that purified diesel fuel does not get dark if it is stored for a long period of time.

GlobeCore’s equipment is an optimal solution to many problems that arise at industrial enterprises, petroleum storage depots and refineries!

What to Do With Used Oil?

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First, we must understand what the term “used oil” means.  We suggest using the definition given by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  It says that, “used oil is any oil that has been obtained from crude or synthetic oil that has been in use and as a result was contaminated by physical and chemical impurities.”

When servicing commercial and equipment, oil is often mixed with dirt, water, metallic parts and chemical substances, and as a result, it can no longer perform its functions efficiently.  To resume the normal operation of the equipment, oil should be changed or regenerated.

According to the regulations of EPA, oil should comply with three criteria:

(1)    Origin. Used oil is refined from crude oil, coal, oil shale or other material, based on polymers.  Animal and vegetable oils therefore, do not belong in  the “used oils” catagory.

(2)     Application.  One should know where used oils may be applied.  Used oil includes lubricating oils, heat-transfer fluids, coolants, insulating oil, solutions for copper and aluminum wire rolling, and gearbox fluids.  This list is non-exclusive and only provides an incomplete list of industries where used oils may be applied.

(3)     Contaminants. Oil is considered to be used only if it is contaminated as a result of practical use.  Physical contaminants include metal chips, filings, and dirt. Such substances as solvents, halogens or mineralized water are also considered to be chemical impurities.

Used Oil Disposal

Oil that is no longer able to perform its functions should be disposed of or recycled.  According to worldwide estimates, about 1.5 billion liters of used oil is being disposed of annually.

In general, a recycled product is used by the same industry sector, but sometimes it may be applied in quite a different sector of industry.   For example, reclaimed motor oil may be either sold in the auto shops or used as residual fuel oil.   Solutions for aluminum wire rolling that are supposed to be reused, are being restored directly on-site.

There are several ways to recycle used oil such as follows:

(1)    On-site recycling.  Such a method extends the service life of oil though does not provide for complete oil restoration.

(2)     Recycling at oil refineries. In such a case, used oil serves as raw material or coker when producing petrol or coke.

(3)    Reclamation. In the course of this process, all impurities are being removed so that oil can continue to be used in the present or the future. In theoretical terms, due to reclamation, oil may serve you forever.

(4)    Used oil is burned for energy recovery.  In this case, water and impurities are removed to a level that allows for the oil to be burned.  This method is less preferred since oil may be recycled only once.

The following facts favor the reclamation/regneration process:

(1)    Reduced energy resources.  Reclamation technologies require three times less of the energy needed to process crude oil to lubricating oil.

(2)     67.2 liters of crude oil are needed to get 1 liter of fresh oil, when only 1.6 liter of used oil is required to get the same amount of fresh oil.

Used Oil Applications

The following is the list of institutions that deal with used oils:

(1)    Service stations, while servicing vehicles and different industrial equipment;

(2)    Used oil collection centers that accept, stores and aggregate used oil;

(3)    Used oil transporters that deliver used oil to the used oil collection centers; Used oil transfer facilities are institutions that store oil for more than one day and up to 35 days.

(4)     Oil refineries;

(5)    Used oil burners; and

(6)    Used oil fuel marketers.

As mentioned above, reclamation is considered to be the most effective method of used oil recycling.  It will be reasonable and cost effective for the companies that deal with huge amounts of oil products to buy their own oil reclamation equipment.  It allows the companies to reduce energy costs, hazardous waste and transportation costs.

GlobeCore has produced universal equipment, designed for regeneration of transformer oil, industrial oil, turbine oil, transmission fluids and other types of oil.  There is no need to change the design of the units when switching to a different type of oil or fluid for processing.

Due to advanced GlobeCore regeneration technology, used oil is being restored to its original new like condition, thereby contributing to environment and energy resources preservation.

The Reasons for Diesel Oil Contamination and the Methods of its Purification

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There are two main problems facing the owners and operators of diesel fueled equipment; (1) diesel fuel loss and (2) degradation of the equipment’s performance characteristics.   Both problems will lead to increased costs and lowered efficiency.

All oil product contamination may be divided into the followoing groups:

(1)    organic (fuel oxidation products) and

(2)    non-organic (mineral dust, corrosion products of metals).

In theoretical terms, fuel may become contaminated at oil refineries, during transportation and when the equipment is being serviced.  Dusty air is the main reason for atmospheric contamination of diesel fuel.  Atmospheric dust consists of silicon and metal oxides.  These components are very solid and therefore, may accelerate the wear process of internal parts.  Very often, acclerated wear of precision parts in the fuel injection pump will lead to the following consequences:

(1)    fuel feed consistency is disturbed;

(2)    air tightness of nozzles is damaged; and

(3)    oil leaks/dribbles.

If one of the nozzles fails to supply fuel properly, there may be a 25 to 35% fuel overrun.  Clogging of the fine mesh filter may also lead to the reduction of fuel system pressure that prevents atomizing and combustion.  Additionally, cylinder liners and piston rings wear out if there is unwanted contamination in diesel fuel.

In practical terms, it is advised to increase fuel feeding or gear down to avoid such consequences.  Sometimes, to prevent ingress of atmospheric dust, there are special fuel tanks with a gas-holder (made of polyethylene) mounted into the equipment.  It prevents oil products from making contact with atmospheric air.  Such a device however, does not remove mechanical impurities from the oil.

Another way to protect oil products from dust is to improve the design of filling tubes and openings.  It is much more difficult to reclaim diesel fuel from sulphur and hydrogen sulphide.  This problem however, may be successfully solved by use of GlobeCore’s UVR units.  They are used to purify and decolor different oil products such as diesel fuels, stove fuels, gas condensates, benzines and kerosenes.  Diesel fuel, reclaimed on the UVR units is of a high purity class, does not have an unpleasant odor or a negative impact on the engine and fuel supply system.

GlobeCore knows how to keep your diesel fuel clean and with the utmost pleasure will teach you how to put this knowledge to practical use in your business.

The “Vortex Layer” Machine: Patent Search

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The “Vortex Layer” Machine AVS-100  can be used in the chemical and power industries. Additionally, this machine is designed to purify industrial and household waste water.

The “Vortex Layer” machine consists of a working chamber (pipeline) with a diameter that ranges from 60 to 330 mm (millimeter).  This working chamber is arranged in the inductor that creates a rotating magnetic field.  Inside the pipeline there are cylindrical ferromagnetic particles.  The amount of these particles depends on the volume of the pipeline’s active zones.

The main parts of the “Vortex layer” machine are as follows: (1) an inductor that creates a rotating magnetic field; (2) the cooling system, and (3) the working chamber with the ferromagnetic particles.  Under the influence of a rotating magnetic field, the ferromagnetic particles move around in the active zone and create a so-called “vortex layer.”  Such a design allows for proper processing of liquids as well as trouble-free machine servicing.

The following is the discussion of the counterparts that had been previously patented.

There exists a counterpart of the vortex layer machine that consists of: (1) two consecutive active zones of the pipe with active ferromagnetic particles inside; and (2) external electromagnetic inductors, which create a rotating magnetic field (can rotate in both directions). The input deflectors of the pipe’s active zones direct the liquid opposite to the rotating magnetic field direction.  The output deflectors retain particles in the active zones of the pipes.  In both active zones, there is a rotating magnetic field, which voltage, frequency, and rotation direction may be adjusted.

But still, this machine has disadvantages such as:

(1) the design of the equipment is poorly adapted for use;

(2) high levels of material and energy consumption while processing liquid; and

(3) the wear of the machine’s active zone surfaces may result in the breakdown of the equipment.

Due to high quality of the liquid processing and trouble-free servicing,  the Vortex Layer  machine AVS -100 is considered to be  much better than its counterpart.

Fig. 1 shows an electromagnetic unit with vortex layer.

Figure 1.

The schematic diagram of the electromagnetic unit with the vortex layer: 1 – Protective bushing, 2 – inductor that creates rotary electromagnetic field, 3 – inductor frame, 4 – the working chamber (non-magnetic material), 5 – ferromagnetic particles

The AVS-100 unit typically consists of two parts: the unit itself and the control unit.

The unit is secured to the support with pivot bolts that makes it possible to set the desired tilt angle of the active chamber with a subsequent installation on the processing line.  Control and protection devices are in the upper part of the control unit.  At the bottom of the unit there is the inductor’s cooling system.

The “Vortex Layer” machine may be applied in various industries because of its unique design.

Desulfurization as a Method of Oil Decoloration

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Harmful emissions that are discharged into the atmosphere are increased when burning high sulfur content diesel fuel.  It is therefore, why great efforts are focused on removing this chemical element from Diesel fuels.  Additionally, the desulfurization of Diesel fuel allows indsutries to:

(1) prevent sulfuric acid corrosion of boiler equipment;

(2) re-direct sulphur so that it may be used in the production of other sulfur-containing products; and

(3) to restore fuel to a marketable condition.

As a component of solid fuel, sulfur may be in the nature of a “sulphate”or a “sulphide.”  It can also be found as a component of other organic compounds.  For example, coal constitutes a small amount of sulfates.

The main problem, with regards to fuel, consists in the removing of pyritic or organic sulfur from the fuel before being used for power the internal combustion engine.  The physical methods (e.g. gravity separation) are mostly used to remove sulphur as a sulphide product.  The method is quite effective, but only if there are large pieces of sulphides in the fuel.

From a technical point of view, it is difficult to desulfurize organic compounds therefore, such processes are mainly carried out only to meet the needs of scientific research.  Desulfurization of liquid fuel is performed at oil refineries.

When reading and/or researching scientific literature, you will find two main ways of removing sulfur from liquid oil products.  One way, known as the  indirect way is that a part of the heavy oil residues are processed by vacuum distillation or selective extraction.  This process results in light fractions that are processed by hydrogen (hydrogenization).  The indirect way of removing sulfur is carried out under specific conditions that include:

(1)  A temperature of between 375º-500ºС / 707-932 ºF and pressure of 1.4 mPa; and

(2) the presence of catalyst agent.

The sulfur content in the liquid fuel is reduced by approximately 80% to 95%.  It is worth noting that the desulfurization of low-boiling fractions is more effective than that of high-boiling fractions.

The other way of removing sulfur is known as the direct way of desulfurization and consists of processing all amounts of the oil with the exception that the light fraction stage is excluded.  From a technical point of view, this process is carried out by catalytic hydrogenation at high temperatures.

It is clear that the direct method is much more difficult than the indirect one.  The first difficulty is that the oil contains heavy metals such as iron, nickel and vanadium.  These heavy metals settle on the surface of the catalyst agent.  It is therefore, the catalyst agent that often needs to be changed.  The second difficulty is that there are a lot of heavy particles in the oil fraction that are difficult to hydrogenate.  As the temperature increases, the particles turn into coke on the catalyst surface thereby reducing their activity substantially.  Operators should monitor if there is hydrogen in the reactor and maintain high pressure in order to prevent such consequences.

Decoloration of Black Oil

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The state of today’s environment has become greatly affected by the amount of emissions and harmful substances coming from internal combustion engines.  Such engines are used in the transportation industry as well as at stationary power plants. The progress in the field of engine building has recently served to reduce the amount of harmful discharges into the air.  Despite the progrees, there is still large amounts of emissions and there is no complete solution to this problem.

In general, the amount of harmful discharges is determined by a wide range of factors such as:

(1) type of engine and its features;

(2) nature of the engine’s operation and proper tuning for efficiency; and

(3) the quality of fuel.

When examining the list of substances that are emitted from the typical internal combustion engine, we learn that most of the subsances, except nitrogen, originally came from the fuel itself.  In addition to the fuel as a source of emssion substances, a great amount of discharges are caused by solid foreign particles in oil products as well as high-molecular or sulfur-containig compounds that are in the colloidal state.   When the amount of such substances exceeds normal limits, the oil will become dark.

The decoloration of black oil is a desirable way to reduce the amount of harmful discharges.

Filtration is often used to purify and decolorate oil products. The effectiveness of such processes largely depends on the material that is being filtered.  The pore size must be sufficient to reduce pollution and contribute to the normal flow of the fuel.  Due to the nature of the black oil, it has been difficult to find the optimal filter to perform such a difficult filtering task.  For example, the filter paper brand BFM, has an average degree of filtration of 12 microns of fineness.  It is therefore, unable to hold small solid particles and colloid impurities.  On the other hand,  filters made of such paper do not prevent the normal flow of fuel.

The FOB brand of filtration paper however, has a higher degree of filtration, but creates larger resistance to the flow of fluid.

Since there is no perfect way to completely and properly filter fuel as it flows to the engine’s fuel delivery system, it is better to clean and purify the fuel before it gets to the engine’s fuel tank.  Filters can be used for the purification process, but they possess the same disadvantages listed above.  It is therefore, more desirable to purify and decolor fuel by using special equipment such as the GlobeCore branded UVR line of purification equipment.  The GlobeCore UVR line of units are used to remove mechanical impurities, as well as to regenerate and decolor not only the fuels, but also transformer oil, industrial oil, and turbine oils.

The equipment in the UVR line contributes to the reduction of harmful discharges into the atmosphere as well as helping to reinstate the fuel product to a marketable condition.  The mobile design of the GlobeCore brand of UVR units allows the user to process fuels, fluids, and oils not only in storage locations, but also at remote operating sites.

Fuel and Oil Decoloration

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A fuel and oil decoloration process is  needed to reinstate oil products to marketable condition.  Different contaminants have a great impact on the natural colour of oil products.  These contaminnants can get into the oil during transportation or storage as well as during operation.  In many cases it is the colour that allows you to assess the quality of fuel or oil, but it shouldn’t be taken for granted.  The following is a discussion of the basic purification technologies for oil products:

(1) Leaching.  This method is considered to be the simplest one and consists of processing oil with an alkali solution.  The alkali affects the organic acids in the oil.  The remains of the oxidative polymerization (petroleum resins) found in the oil product are the main disadvantage of this method.

(2) Acid-Contact and Acid-Alkaline Purification.  The sulfuric acid is used as the main substance that interacts with unwanted contaminants.  It can destroy asphalt-resinous and unsaturated compounds.  Acid sludge is a by-product. The main advantage of this method is that the acid doesn’t influence cyclic hydrocarbons that are very important for oil products.

When the acid purification and separation of acid sludge are done, a resulted substance should be washed by an alkali water solution to destroy the residuals of the acid sludge.   The oil product is washed by water and is dried by steam or hot air at the final stage of purification.  A high flow of reagents however, is needed for oil purification.  Additionally, acid sludge is a quite toxic and dangerous waste product.  The large cluster of acid sludge also has a negative impact on the environment.

(3) Decoloration of Oil by Selective Solvents.  The distinctive feature of this method is the possibility to use selective solvents many times during the purification process.  Such chemical substances as “furfural” or “phenol” are mostly used to lighten oil.

In the course of selective purification, a special solvent dissolves contaminants and at the same time does not affect, or affects poorly, the “good” components of the oil product.

The solvent is mixed with contaminants and then separated from them during the sedimentation process.  A layer of oil, affected by the solvent, is processed by bleaching clay.  It is very important to find an optimal proportion between the oil and the solvent.  Additionally, the proper temperature is no less important during the process of purification.

Solvent pairs are used to improve the purification process of high viscosity residual oils.  One of them selectively dissolves contaminants and the other purifies the oil.

(4) The “Hydrogenezation” purification method has been widely used recently.  A certain pressure (up to 2 mPa) and the hydrogen being  heated to between 380ºC/716ºF and 400 ºС/752ºF is needed to carry out this process.

Particular attention should be paid to oil quality at low-temperatures.  Such processes as deasphaltizing and dewaxing are used to solve this problem.   They seek to remove compounds (with high chilling temperature) from the oil products.

(5) Liquid propane is needed to carry out the process of deasphaltizing. It is mixed with clean product in the ratio of 10 to 1 with the pressure from 2 to 4 mPa.  The process itself is carried out in a special stand of pipes.

(6) Dewaxing consists of the releasing of paraffins and ceresines from oil by cooling.  A solvent is added and the mixture is heated before cooling.  The temperature of heating should be at least 15ºC/59ºF to 20ºC/68ºF higher than the ambiant temperature of the oil.  The heating is needed for paraffins and ceresines to be completely dissolved.

A cooled mixture is subjected to filtering and centrifugal processes that allow for the leaving of congealed agents on the filters.  High fluid properties of oil processed in such a way help to start engines at low temperatures.

In summary, we will examine the following factors:

(1) From a technical point of view, some methods may not be utilized at small and medium sized oil facilities because of the complexity of the processes;

(2) According to the many local and international rules and regulations, waste oil products, should be subjected to proper disposal or regeneration;

(3) The delivery of contaminated oil/fuel to oil refineries requires great financial expenditures. It is desirable to have your own equipment for decoloration, filtration and purification of oil products.

Having years of experience in the development  and production of the oil purification equipment, GlоbeCоre has found the optimal solution to the problem.  The oil thermal vacuum purification system UVR helps to restore all performance characteristics of oil products necessary for further operation.

More than 70 countries of the world prefer GlobeCore branded equipment.  The GlobeCore oil stations have taken a leading position in the sphere of purification, decoloration and regeneration of oil products (diesel fuel, gasoline, transformer, turbine, industrial, and transmission oil) because of their cost effectiveness, ecofriendliness and high quality of the process.

Practical Guides for Drivers: How to Save Fuel

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There are many practical ways to increase the efficiency of your car and conserve fuel.  Nowadays, fuel conservation has gained significance because of the high prices of gasoline and Diesel fuel. Fuel conservation benefits not only the owner, but the car as well since using the car more efficiently will also bring the owner a longer and less expensive service  life for your prized automobile.  Here is a list of tips for the modern driver:

  • use a fuel efficient car;
  • reduce the weight of the car (get rid of all that junk in the trunk);
  • Close windows and run the air-conditioning, (open windows creat drag);
  • Properly inflate the tires to the correct pressure, (underinflation creates drag);
  • use only high quality fuel to prevent injector fouling;
  • do not warm up the engine, modern computer controlled engines do not need warm ups before driving;
  • clean your fuel system with an injector cleaner at every oil change;
  • do a regular car inspection;
  • do not idle your engine, shut it off if wating more than two minutes; and
  • try to use kinetic energy of the car in motion by coasting when possible.

Many autoparts stores sell fuel-saving devices.  Most of them are of little use and value and certainly do not inrease fuel economy in the modern automobile.  The main reason that these alleged fuel saving devices do not work is because of the modern computer controlled car.  Known as “Electronic Engine Controls,” (EEC) they are extemely efficient and the combustion process leaves very little or no unburned fuel behind.  If the combustion process is already near perfect, there is no way for an aftermarket fuel saving device to make it any better.

The main way to preserve the efficiency of the engine, is to make sure that the engine controls are properly maintained.  When the “Check Engine” light comes on, it needs to be determined by a qualified technician what if anything is wrong with the EEC in your car.

Drive carefully and Happy Motoring!