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Desulfurization as a Method of Oil Decoloration

February 2, 2015ArticlesDesulfurization, GlobeCore, oil decoloration, UVR

Harmful emissions that are discharged into the atmosphere are increased when burning high sulfur content diesel fuel. It is therefore, why great efforts are focused on removing this chemical element from Diesel fuels. Additionally, the desulfurization of Diesel fuel allows indsutries to:

(1) prevent sulfuric acid corrosion of boiler equipment;

(2) re-direct sulphur so that it may be used in the production of other sulfur-containing products; and

(3) to restore fuel to a marketable condition.

As a component of solid fuel, sulfur may be in the nature of a “sulphate”or a “sulphide.” It can also be found as a component of other organic compounds. For example, coal constitutes a small amount of sulfates.

The main problem, with regards to fuel, consists in the removing of pyritic or organic sulfur from the fuel before being used for power the internal combustion engine. The physical methods (e.g. gravity separation) are mostly used to remove sulphur as a sulphide product. The method is quite effective, but only if there are large pieces of sulphides in the fuel.

From a technical point of view, it is difficult to desulfurize organic compounds therefore, such processes are mainly carried out only to meet the needs of scientific research. Desulfurization of liquid fuel is performed at oil refineries.

When reading and/or researching scientific literature, you will find two main ways of removing sulfur from liquid oil products. One way, known as the indirect way is that a part of the heavy oil residues are processed by vacuum distillation or selective extraction. This process results in light fractions that are processed by hydrogen (hydrogenization). The indirect way of removing sulfur is carried out under specific conditions that include:

(1) A temperature of between 375º-500ºС / 707-932 ºF and pressure of 1.4 mPa; and

(2) the presence of catalyst agent.

The sulfur content in the liquid fuel is reduced by approximately 80% to 95%. It is worth noting that the desulfurization of low-boiling fractions is more effective than that of high-boiling fractions.

The other way of removing sulfur is known as the direct way of desulfurization and consists of processing all amounts of the oil with the exception that the light fraction stage is excluded. From a technical point of view, this process is carried out by catalytic hydrogenation at high temperatures.

It is clear that the direct method is much more difficult than the indirect one. The first difficulty is that the oil contains heavy metals such as iron, nickel and vanadium. These heavy metals settle on the surface of the catalyst agent. It is therefore, the catalyst agent that often needs to be changed. The second difficulty is that there are a lot of heavy particles in the oil fraction that are difficult to hydrogenate. As the temperature increases, the particles turn into coke on the catalyst surface thereby reducing their activity substantially. Operators should monitor if there is hydrogen in the reactor and maintain high pressure in order to prevent such consequences.

Decoloration of Black Oil

February 2, 2015ArticlesBlack Oil, Decoloration, GlobeCore, UVR

The state of today’s environment has become greatly affected by the amount of emissions and harmful substances coming from internal combustion engines. Such engines are used in the transportation industry as well as at stationary power plants. The progress in the field of engine building has recently served to reduce the amount of harmful discharges into the air. Despite the progrees, there is still large amounts of emissions and there is no complete solution to this problem.

In general, the amount of harmful discharges is determined by a wide range of factors such as:

(1) type of engine and its features;

(2) nature of the engine’s operation and proper tuning for efficiency; and

(3) the quality of fuel.

When examining the list of substances that are emitted from the typical internal combustion engine, we learn that most of the subsances, except nitrogen, originally came from the fuel itself. In addition to the fuel as a source of emssion substances, a great amount of discharges are caused by solid foreign particles in oil products as well as high-molecular or sulfur-containig compounds that are in the colloidal state. When the amount of such substances exceeds normal limits, the oil will become dark.

The decoloration of black oil is a desirable way to reduce the amount of harmful discharges.

Filtration is often used to purify and decolorate oil products. The effectiveness of such processes largely depends on the material that is being filtered. The pore size must be sufficient to reduce pollution and contribute to the normal flow of the fuel. Due to the nature of the black oil, it has been difficult to find the optimal filter to perform such a difficult filtering task. For example, the filter paper brand BFM, has an average degree of filtration of 12 microns of fineness. It is therefore, unable to hold small solid particles and colloid impurities. On the other hand, filters made of such paper do not prevent the normal flow of fuel.

The FOB brand of filtration paper however, has a higher degree of filtration, but creates larger resistance to the flow of fluid.

Since there is no perfect way to completely and properly filter fuel as it flows to the engine’s fuel delivery system, it is better to clean and purify the fuel before it gets to the engine’s fuel tank. Filters can be used for the purification process, but they possess the same disadvantages listed above. It is therefore, more desirable to purify and decolor fuel by using special equipment such as the GlobeCore branded UVR line of purification equipment. The GlobeCore UVR line of units are used to remove mechanical impurities, as well as to regenerate and decolor not only the fuels, but also transformer oil, industrial oil, and turbine oils.

The equipment in the UVR line contributes to the reduction of harmful discharges into the atmosphere as well as helping to reinstate the fuel product to a marketable condition. The mobile design of the GlobeCore brand of UVR units allows the user to process fuels, fluids, and oils not only in storage locations, but also at remote operating sites.

Fuel and Oil Decoloration

January 20, 2015Articlesacid-alkaline purification, acid-contact purification, bunkering fuel oil, cavitaion fuel, deasphaltizing, dewaxing, fuel blending, fuel consumption, fuel decoloration, fuel dispersing, fuel dispersion, fuel economy, fuel mixing, fuel oil, fuel reclamation, hydrogenezation, leaching, oil decoloration, oil reclaimers and oil reclamation systems, oil reclamation, oil reclamation center, oil reclamation companies, oil reclamation definition, oil reclamation el paso county colorado, oil reclamation houston, oil reclamation in indiana union city, oil reclamation in ohio, oil reclamation machine, oil reclamation process, oil reclamation services, oil reclamation system, oil reclamation systems, oil reclamation unit, power consumption, USB system, used oil reclamation services

A fuel and oil decoloration process is needed to reinstate oil products to marketable condition. Different contaminants have a great impact on the natural colour of oil products. These contaminnants can get into the oil during transportation or storage as well as during operation. In many cases it is the colour that allows you to assess the quality of fuel or oil, but it shouldn’t be taken for granted. The following is a discussion of the basic purification technologies for oil products:

(1) Leaching. This method is considered to be the simplest one and consists of processing oil with an alkali solution. The alkali affects the organic acids in the oil. The remains of the oxidative polymerization (petroleum resins) found in the oil product are the main disadvantage of this method.

(2) Acid-Contact and Acid-Alkaline Purification. The sulfuric acid is used as the main substance that interacts with unwanted contaminants. It can destroy asphalt-resinous and unsaturated compounds. Acid sludge is a by-product. The main advantage of this method is that the acid doesn’t influence cyclic hydrocarbons that are very important for oil products.

When the acid purification and separation of acid sludge are done, a resulted substance should be washed by an alkali water solution to destroy the residuals of the acid sludge. The oil product is washed by water and is dried by steam or hot air at the final stage of purification. A high flow of reagents however, is needed for oil purification. Additionally, acid sludge is a quite toxic and dangerous waste product. The large cluster of acid sludge also has a negative impact on the environment.

(3) Decoloration of Oil by Selective Solvents. The distinctive feature of this method is the possibility to use selective solvents many times during the purification process. Such chemical substances as “furfural” or “phenol” are mostly used to lighten oil.

In the course of selective purification, a special solvent dissolves contaminants and at the same time does not affect, or affects poorly, the “good” components of the oil product.

The solvent is mixed with contaminants and then separated from them during the sedimentation process. A layer of oil, affected by the solvent, is processed by bleaching clay. It is very important to find an optimal proportion between the oil and the solvent. Additionally, the proper temperature is no less important during the process of purification.

Solvent pairs are used to improve the purification process of high viscosity residual oils. One of them selectively dissolves contaminants and the other purifies the oil.

(4) The “Hydrogenezation” purification method has been widely used recently. A certain pressure (up to 2 mPa) and the hydrogen being heated to between 380ºC/716ºF and 400 ºС/752ºF is needed to carry out this process.

Particular attention should be paid to oil quality at low-temperatures. Such processes as deasphaltizing and dewaxing are used to solve this problem. They seek to remove compounds (with high chilling temperature) from the oil products.

(5) Liquid propane is needed to carry out the process of deasphaltizing. It is mixed with clean product in the ratio of 10 to 1 with the pressure from 2 to 4 mPa. The process itself is carried out in a special stand of pipes.

(6) Dewaxing consists of the releasing of paraffins and ceresines from oil by cooling. A solvent is added and the mixture is heated before cooling. The temperature of heating should be at least 15ºC/59ºF to 20ºC/68ºF higher than the ambiant temperature of the oil. The heating is needed for paraffins and ceresines to be completely dissolved.

A cooled mixture is subjected to filtering and centrifugal processes that allow for the leaving of congealed agents on the filters. High fluid properties of oil processed in such a way help to start engines at low temperatures.

In summary, we will examine the following factors:

(1) From a technical point of view, some methods may not be utilized at small and medium sized oil facilities because of the complexity of the processes;

(2) According to the many local and international rules and regulations, waste oil products, should be subjected to proper disposal or regeneration;

(3) The delivery of contaminated oil/fuel to oil refineries requires great financial expenditures. It is desirable to have your own equipment for decoloration, filtration and purification of oil products.

Having years of experience in the development and production of the oil purification equipment, GlоbeCоre has found the optimal solution to the problem. The oil thermal vacuum purification system UVR helps to restore all performance characteristics of oil products necessary for further operation.

More than 70 countries of the world prefer GlobeCore branded equipment. The GlobeCore oil stations have taken a leading position in the sphere of purification, decoloration and regeneration of oil products (diesel fuel, gasoline, transformer, turbine, industrial, and transmission oil) because of their cost effectiveness, ecofriendliness and high quality of the process.

Practical Guides for Drivers: How to Save Fuel

January 19, 2015Articlesalternative fuel, bunkering fuel oil, cavitaion fuel, drivers, ethanol blending, fuel, fuel activation, fuel blending, fuel consumption, fuel dispersing, fuel dispersion, fuel economy, fuel mixing, fuel oil, fuel reclamation, oil reclaimers and oil reclamation systems, oil reclamation, oil reclamation center, oil reclamation companies, oil reclamation definition, oil reclamation el paso county colorado, oil reclamation houston, oil reclamation in indiana union city, oil reclamation in ohio, oil reclamation machine, oil reclamation process, oil reclamation services, oil reclamation system, oil reclamation systems, oil reclamation unit, power consumption, practical guides, save fuel, USB system, used oil reclamation services

There are many practical ways to increase the efficiency of your car and conserve fuel. Nowadays, fuel conservation has gained significance because of the high prices of gasoline and Diesel fuel. Fuel conservation benefits not only the owner, but the car as well since using the car more efficiently will also bring the owner a longer and less expensive service life for your prized automobile. Here is a list of tips for the modern driver:

use a fuel efficient car;
reduce the weight of the car (get rid of all that junk in the trunk);
Close windows and run the air-conditioning, (open windows creat drag);
Properly inflate the tires to the correct pressure, (underinflation creates drag);
use only high quality fuel to prevent injector fouling;
do not warm up the engine, modern computer controlled engines do not need warm ups before driving;
clean your fuel system with an injector cleaner at every oil change;
do a regular car inspection;
do not idle your engine, shut it off if wating more than two minutes; and
try to use kinetic energy of the car in motion by coasting when possible.

Many autoparts stores sell fuel-saving devices. Most of them are of little use and value and certainly do not inrease fuel economy in the modern automobile. The main reason that these alleged fuel saving devices do not work is because of the modern computer controlled car. Known as “Electronic Engine Controls,” (EEC) they are extemely efficient and the combustion process leaves very little or no unburned fuel behind. If the combustion process is already near perfect, there is no way for an aftermarket fuel saving device to make it any better.

The main way to preserve the efficiency of the engine, is to make sure that the engine controls are properly maintained. When the “Check Engine” light comes on, it needs to be determined by a qualified technician what if anything is wrong with the EEC in your car.

Drive carefully and Happy Motoring!

GlobeCore sets course for East Africa. Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited and GlobeCore – a new partnership

November 28, 2014Articles

GlobeCore is a leading manufacturer of various equipment, such as transformer oil purification and regeneration plants, bitumen emulsion plants, bitumen modification plants, fuel blending systems and bio-diesel production system, employing over 200 staff on the production team. Our products are well known in the USA, Europe, Asia and Africa. While we are open to business anywhere in the world, we are also focusing on Africa.
GlobeCore is a lead manufacturer of variety equipments like Transformer Oil Purification and Regeneration Plants, Bitumen Emulsion Plants, Modified Bitumen Plants, Fuel Blending Systems and Bio Diesel Equipment. We are open to any country; now we are focus on African’s regions.
“GlobeCore’s representatives often travel to clients” – said mr.Sukhar, GlobeCore Export Manager – “we provide operators training and startup; separately we organize seminars to share our experience in oil purification and assets management”.
One such seminar was held in Kampala, the capital of Uganda last April. The focus of the seminar was the advantages of transformer oil regeneration by Fuller’s earth, and also on operational and environmental benefits of regenerating oil instead of replacing it.
Uganda and its neighboring countries are interested in electrical power development: within the next five years they will receive substantial investements from the World Bank to improve their national grids and make electricity accessible to population. At this time only 3 – 5% of Uganda’s population have access to electricity and there are many cities in the north of Uganda without electric power at all. Less than 2% of rural population has access to electricity, with less than half of that being provided by the national grid, other sources being household generators and solar panels.
As says Eugen Svirid, GlobeCore lead engineer, despite the growing importance of alternative energy, traditional power plants are the main providers of electricity around the world. These powers still need equipment replacements and modernizations.
Until Uganda receives the aid of almost 3.5 billion dollars over the next several years, which it needs for construction of Kawanda-Masaka transmission line and the related substation and 600MW power plant in Karuma, a lot can be done to preserve current assets – especially the most expensive of them, the power and distribution transformers.
Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited (UETCL) has teamed up with GlobeCore to upgrade their transformer oil purification plants. The company made its choice after a recommendation from Nigerian Power Holding Company, a partner of UETCL, which now operates eighteen GlobeCore mobile oil purification plants. UETCL fully understands the importance of transformer maintenance, says Christopher Mutyaba, the Head of Maintenance Department at UETCL. Accroding to him, transformer failures are, unfortunately, quite common, and cause frequent power outages. The population has to do without electrical power for six months, until a failed transformer can be repared or replaced. Mr. Mutyaba noted that transformer down time causes a significant loss revenue and growing customer dissatisfaction.
Latest GlobeCore technological developments will allow addressing the issue of excessive foam forming in the vacuum chamber which is often the case with old and contaminated oils. And as UETCL has many remote substation, oil purification plant will have fully automated control system with PLC and GSM module to minimize supervision.
German equipment is well known in Africa, especially in Uganda. Country operate transformer oil filtration machine purchased in 1991. While this equipment is still in fair condition, GlobeCore can replace most major components is required to satisfy higher demands for the quality of transformer oil, put on users by modern transformer manufacturers.

Fuller’s earth for industrial oil regeneration

September 17, 2014Articles, UsefulFuller's earth, industrial oil purification, oil reclamation, oil regeneration

The one of the most used petrochemical products on production facilities is industrial oil and different types of this oil. Industrial oil is the most available and reliable for liquid insulation, for cooling and electrical protection for power transformers, turbines, hydraulic equipments etc.

Industrial oil has a lot of advantages which include long lifetime (without adding of antioxidizing additives – from 3 to 10 years); continuous working and protection of industrial systems. So the question concerning using other type of oil arises not frequently. Other advantage of industrial oil is reasonable price; also this oil is not so aggressive for environmental, industrial oil not produce the burned gas or other wastes which pollute the atmosphere.

Industrial oil has only one problem – utilization after usage. It is the problem which is the most discussed in our days. The main questions are decline of pollution charges, complete refill of used oil inside of engines and systems, reduction of the expenses for buying, shipping, preparation and maintenance of new oil etc.

The modern solution for all these problems concerning refilling of used industrial oil is usage of complex systems for oil filtration, degassing, re-refining and regeneration which are use different adsorbtion components.

Industrial oil before and after regeneration.

It was investigated that the most effective result can be obtained when during one purification cycle the unit restores all characteristics of the oil and also exists the possibility of recirculation of all components of purification system, including adsorbing agents.

Fuller’s earth is very popular and most used component for industrial oil regeneration (oil recycling) all over the world.

Fuller’s earth is highly active bleaching clay with pronouncedsorption properties. This earth is famous also by its mineral composition. Fuller’s earth consists of hydrated aluminium silicates which contain metal ions (magnesium, natrium and calcium).

Montmorillonite is the principal clay mineral from which is composed Fuller’s earth. The presence and ratio of other minerals such as kaolinite, attapulgite and palygorskite depends from the changes in chemical composition. This component looks like clay but it has fine structure, higher water content and has no natural clayey plastic property. By means of it adsorbing agent Fuller’s earth retains the moisture.

The deposits of this type of clay were found all over the world. The main Fuller’s earth deposits are located in United Kingdom, Japan and USA.

Fuller’s earth is wide used in industrial branches and in medicine and cosmetology.

For oil regeneration this component is irreplaceable. Fuller’s Earth is used for purification of mineral and vegetable oils and greases.

UVR 450/16. New device for Oil and Fuel Regeneration

The latest technologies in oil regeneration allow using all properties of Fuller’s earth in complex systems.

On our new units for transformer oil regeneration we use the system which allows restore all oil characteristics (by using Fuller’s earth) and at the same time exhausted clay can be also regenerated in the same unit.

Designed equipment for oil regeneration with the Fuller’s earth as an adsorbing agent corresponds to all ecological and technological trends and standards. This type of units for oil restoration filled another gap in the market of direct and alternative usage of mineral products.

Engineers from GlobeCore company have designed different equipment for mineral oils regeneration (transformer oil, industrial oil, turbine oil, diesel oil, heating oil, diesel fuel, gas condensate, kerosene etc). On this website you can find a lot of interesting information concerning oil recycling and oil regeneration

Turn the waste into profits. Waste oil recycling machine.

September 16, 2014Articles, Usefuloil filtration, oil purification, oil reclamation, oil recycling, oil regeneration

Waste oil recycling machine

One of the aspects of successful development of each business is implementation of innovations. We all are searching every day new resources to obtain more profits. There exist the materials which can be used again and again but because of shortage of equipment or knowledge we cannot use it on 100%.

How many tons of used oil recycling machine are disposed every year? How many damages we bring to our environmental? Stop throw out your profit into wastes, start recycling and you will obtain the benefits.

So, how can we obtain the benefit from this type of wastes? Today’s technologies of oil recycling allow restore almost all used oil recycling machine. We offer you to familiarize with mineral oil regeneration technology.

Regeneration does more than restore the oil to its original, new condition. The cost for regeneration of 1 ton of oil is less than the cost for new oil. Besides, regenerated or recycled oil can be more effective to compare with new oil.

For restoration of used oils can be applied various technological operations which are based on physical, physicochemical and chemical processes. All these methods were created for cleaning oil from different contaminants and aging products.

As usual, the sequence of oil cleaning methods is following:

mechanical (for removal of free-water and solid particles);
thermophysical (vaporization and vacuum distillation);
physicochemical (coagulation, adsorption).

If these methods are not enough to remove all contaminants the chemical methods need to be used. But you need to know that chemical methods are accompanied by using of sophisticated equipment and heavy expenses.

There exist a lot of different technologies for oil recycling such as electrostatic purification, single-pass filtration, constant regeneration of oil by absorbents or thermal siphon filters, application of special oil anti-oxidation and contamination protection, constant concentration of anti-oxidation additive (ionol) etc.

We will speak today about complete oil regeneration by means of special type of sorbing agent combining with degassing and desludging processes.

These devices for complete oil regeneration were designed by engineers from company GlobeCore. Over ten years this technology is used with success in 80 countries around the globe.

By using machines of UVR type (Unit for Vacuum Regeneration of Oil) you can recycle following types of oil and fuel:

UVR 450/16. New device for Oil and Fuel Recycling

Waste oil recycling machine

transformer oil;
industrial oil;
turbine oil;
diesel oil;
diesel fuel;
gas condensate;
kerosene;
other type of mineral oils.

But UVR unit cannot restore motor oils or oils which contain some synthetic additives. On our website you can familiarize with the video materials concerning oil regeneration and oil recycling.

Characteristics which can be improved during oil regeneration:

– dielectric strength; – tan delta; – octane number; cetane number; – oil color etc.

There is other positive side of oil restoration; it is stability of regenerated oil for oxidizing.

Another but very effective criterion is water content. During oil replacement from the unit the water from the air can get to the new oil. As result, the water in the oil can lead to damage of the unit or to other problems.

Diesel fuel before and after regeneration

Our engineers had designed devices which can resolve the problem described above. This is on-side oil regeneration. You don’t need to deenergize your machine (transformer or other devices) to provide oil cleaning.

UVR unit can be applied for regeneration of old used oils from storing. All these wastes which were a big problem for many companies can be turn into profit. We were tested different types of contaminated mineral oil. Even when we pass the oil through the unit only one time the result is perfect. Imagine only, old burned oil can be regenerated to the “like new” condition. On the pictures you can see the result of oil testing. Oil with the black color and bad smell after treating by means of UVR unit became light with the good aromatic and completely restored characteristics.

We also can offer you to make a reclaiming test of yours example of fuel (oil) to check the possibility of cleaning it.

Waste oil recycling can be a good business considering the growing oil usage and implementation of new environmental legislation. You will kill two birds with one stone: prevent the damage of the earth and save your money.

So, if you are interested in environment protection and would like the develop your business, you can contact us any time and we will send you all required information concerning the Oil Regeneration Technology and waste oil recycling machine.

Difference between Oil Purification and Oil Regeneration

August 8, 2014Articles, Useful

GlobeCore’s Oil Regeneration (Reclamation) Units are “Two-in-One” industrial systems that not only Purify used and/or contaminated oil, but completely Regenerate/Reclaim the used oil and restore used oil to its original new condition.

This new, industry leading technology was designed by GlobeCore’s engineers and the UVR units can perform oil and fuel regeneration/reclamation at a fraction of the cost of replacing used oil with new oil.

Today we are going to learn the difference between “Oil Purification” and “Oil Regeneration/Reclamation” and why purification alone is no longer cost effective.

Fuelcleaning.GlobeCore.com

Oil Purification

Oil Purification is a process that eliminates and/or reduces contamination in the oil through a means of filtration, dehydration, degasification, or some other processes that essentially cleans the oil of water, gases, and particulate matter. The typical process involves mechanical filtration and vacuum degassing. It can be performed with the transformer online or offline.

Current purification methods are normally effective in the removal of gases, particulate matter (down to 0.2 microns) and some, but not all, of the water/moisture found in the used oil. Typical oil purification methods are usually sufficient to correct “electrical voltage breakdown” (EVB) caused by a combination of particulate matter and water in the oil which is a very common condition found in transformers in service for more than a couple of years.

In order to maintain the dielectric and insulating properties of the oil, it is necessary to perform the purification process on a routine or scheduled maintenance basis. The “Purification Process” however, is not a long term solution for a wet transformer. Oil Purification removes only a small fraction of the water suspended or dissolved in the oil and does not remove water and acids from the Kraft Insulating Paper. To obtain nearly all water removal from the transformer oil and paper, a more powerful and complete process called “Regeneration” must be applied. This process is also known as Reclamation.

Oil Regeneration

Oil Regeneration: The GlobeCore “Two for One” Engineering Miracle. Oil Regeneration is a process that not only completely purifies used transformer oil; it improves the oil color and removes substances such as acids, aldehides, ketones, etc. that the standard purification processes cannot remove. Oil Regeneration therefore, performs all the purification processes and goes beyond the purification process by removing the water and other acids, contaminates and particulate matter from the oil and the rest of the transformer including the paper.

When the “regenerated oil” is placed back in the transformer, it is in the same condition as it was when new and unused. Additionally, the Kraft Insulating Paper has been dried and the acids, particulate matter, watrer and other contaminants are effectively removed thereby extending the service life of the paper.

The GlobeCore Oil RegenerationProcess also known as the GlobeCore Process, does not replace the purification process, but incorporates purification into the complete regeneration process as the two processes are combined into one service process thereby saving time and money. The GlobeCore Process services the entire transformer and not just the oil!

The GlobeCore UVR units provide onsite and online servicing through regeneration and sludge removal. The following is a list of benefits to using GlobeCore regeneration units:

Reduces moisture in the oil to below 10 ppm
Reduces acidity to less than 0.01mg KOH/g in the oil
Dielectric strength of the oil is improved to 70 kV or higher
Interfacial tension is improved up to 40 Dynes
The Tan Delta of the oil is improved to equal less than 0.001
Sludge suspended or dissolved in the oil is removed
Sludge deposits found elsewhere in the transformer are also removed
Particulate matter is removed down to 0.2 microns
The oxidation stability of the oil is restored to the original new oil condition
The color of the oil is restored to new condition
The dielectric strength of the solid insulation is improved
Degradation of the solid insulation is halted thereby extending the service life of the transformer

Oil purification alone is no longer an efficient and cost effective way of servicing and maintaining your transformers. GlobeCore’s Oil Regeneration equipment will completely purify and place the used oil into the same new original condition it was in when first installed in the transformer. GlobeCore Oil Regeneration Equipment equals big savings and reduced electric service interruptions.

GlobeCore Oil Regeneration Advantages:

No oil transportation costs because the oil is saved
No large quantities of new oil is required
No used oil storage and disposal costs
No negative environmental impact from used oil disposal
No additional transformer maintenance costs because all sludge is dissolved and removed from the core, coils, windings, cooling fins, and ducts.
No contaminants remain in the transformer because the GlobeCore Process regenerates and purifies in one process
No vacuum drawing costs
No oil spillage danger because the automated process is completed while the transformer remains online with minimal human operation. No used oil is handled by the one man service crew.
No service disruption to down line customers because the transformer can remain energized and online during the process

GlobeCore’s Industry Leading “GlobeCore Process” provides many financial and environmental benefits as compared to simple oil replacement. To start, the transformer can remain energized and online during the regeneration process. Although the transformer must be de-energized when the GlobeCore Regeneration unit is connected to and disconnected from the transformer, the remaining regeneration process can be performed while the transformer remains in service providing electricity to your customers.

The GlobeCore “Regeneration Process” is superior to changing oil for several reasons. First, merely changing the oil leaves as much as 15% of the contaminated/used oil in the transformer coils and windings. The old dirty oil will then contaminate the new oil effectively reducing the service life of the new oil. Second, the Kraft Insulating Paper will retain the acids, moisture, and particulate matter that will continue to actively degrade the insulating paper and shorten service life.

The GlobeCore“Regeneration Process” removes 99% of all contaminates from the entire transformer including the paper, coils and windings. The regeneration process leaves no dirty oil behind because the existing oil is restored to original new clean condition. No dirt or sludge remains in the paper halting the degradation process thereby extending the service life of the insulating paper and the transformer.

Changing the oil is a process that can take three weeks or longer to perform and requires that the transformer be de-energized and taken offline. The GlobeCore Process can be performed in as little as one to five days by a one man crew and the transformer can remain in service during the process.

The GlobeCore Process eliminates the expense and environmental hazards in removing oil, refilling oil, transporting new and used oil, and disposing of used oil.

The GlobeCore Process also eliminates the possibility of mixing different brands of oils with different specifications to replace the original factory fill oil since the used oil is not replaced, but restored to original condition.

The GlobeCore Transformer Regeneration System can be used with new transformers to start a lifetime preventive maintenance program that will extend the service life of transformers between 5 and 10 years and possibly longer.

GlobeCore offers the new UVR units for both oil and fuel regeneration and are currently in use in more than 70 countries worldwide.

Advantages of GlobeCore Oil Regeneration Plants UVR units:

Regenerate nearly any type of mineral oils (e. g. transformer oil, insulating oil, industrial oil, turbine oil, dark heating or crude oil, dark gasoline, dark diesel oil, kerosene, gas condensates, etc.)
Removal of aromatics, unsaturated hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide and other additives
Removal of mechanical impurities, water, particulate matter, etc.
Restore and improve oils/fuels to like new condition
Protects the environment by eliminating oil waste
Low price to high benefit ratio with low operating costs

(It is not cost effective to regenerate used engine oil and used Diesel oil at this time)

The GlobeCore UVR plants/units are produced in the following configurations:

Framed
Containerized
Explosion proof (for regeneration of gas condensate, kerosene and other inflammable petroleum products).

To get more technical information about the GlobeCore reclamation plants/equipment, please call us or arrange a visit to our production facilities and we will demonstrate how the UVR systems work.

Its time to get with the Process; The GlobeCore Process!

Latex and rubber production: application of AVS

July 25, 2014Articles, Useful

The bottlenecks in production of rubber and latex articles are long desintegration and mixing time, difficulty of uniform distribution of extenders and other ingredients into the caoutchouc and latex, long vulcanization time.

ruber2 To activate particle surface of extender (for example, soot) it can be exposed to the grinding by ball or vibrating mills. But this processing way is labour-intensive and gives marginal effect. Most effective way is chemical modification of the extender.

One of the ways of kaolin chemical modification is based on the common sedimentation of kaolin and calcium silicate suspension. In this case calcium silicate is generated during the blending of sodium silicate solution with calcium chloride.

It was investigated that kaolin surface activation in AVS unit leads to increasing of the durability of rubber-based vulcanizate to 84,3%.

Modification of the extender leads to increasing of durability of the vulcanizate. It can be explained by creation of adsorbed layer of modifying agent on the kaolin particle surface which helps to adsorption and chemical bond formation between the particles of extender and caoutchouc’s molecules.

We have investigated that by using AVS unit (table 1) kaolin surface activation leads to increasing of the durability of rubber-based vulcanizate to 84,3%. At the same time other characteristics are not changed. The best results were obtained when we treated the kaolin by vortex layer from 1 to 5 minutes.

Table 1

Rubber tensile strength, obtained on the base of rubber SKS-30 AKRP-N filled by activated kaolin (σр·10-5 Pа*)

Cure time under 143ºС, min	Kaolin activation time by AVS-100, min					Kaolin activation time by ball mill, min
Cure time under 143ºС, min	0	1	2	3	4	30	60	120
20	2,9	39,3	3,9	—	—	—	—	—
30	9,81	22,6	24,5	73,6	6,57	9,8	45,1	43,2
40	21,6	32,4	41,2	92,2	86,3	21,6	65,7	64,7
60	62,8	58,9	57,9	116,0	105,0	63,8	47,1	51,0
80	55,0	50,0	76,6	92,2	55,0	29,4	29,4	55,0

* Specific elongation and residual elongation, vulcanization rigidity were not changed

Chalk processing for 10 minutes by means of vortex later leads to increasing of structural behaviours to 51,5% (table 2). At the same time chalk processing by ball mill has no effects on the durability of the vulcanizate. Increasing of rubber`s durability filled by extenders activated in AVS is reached by means of growing of adsorptive capacity of these extenders.

It was established that by using AVS unit for kaolin processing its adsorptive capacity can be increased in 2-3 times.

Table 2

Rubber tensile strength, obtained on the base of rubber

SKS-30 AKRP-N filled by activated chalk (σр·10-5 Pа*)

Cure time under 143ºС, min	Chalk activation time by AVS-100, min							Chalk activation time by ball mill, min
Cure time under 143ºС, min	0	1	2	3	5	10	20	3	60	120
30	—	34,3	26,5	29,4	30,4	25,5	25,5	—	—	—
40	32,4	33,3	30,4	32,4	43,2	49,0	36,6	33,3	33,3	40,2
60	35,3	22,6	29,4	29,4	29,4	44,1	29,4	25,3	32,4	38,3
80	27,5	27,5	22,6	30,4	34,3	36,3	35,3	21,5	28,5	30,4

From 1 to 10 minutes of treatment has continued directly-proportional dependence: adsorption capacity of kaolin increases proportional to the time of processing by AVS. Adsorption amount depends from the balance between solid and liquid phases, value of magnetic induction in the working chamber of AVS unit, form and size of ferromagnetic particles, density of vortex layer.

Adsorption capacity of kaolin increases proportional to the time of processing by AVS

Extremely strong change of extender’s adsorption capacity permits to apply AVS unit for chemical modification of kaolin and chalk.

Filling of caoutchouc by kaolin modified at the vortex layer by means of one of universal inhibitor (DMBA) leads to cure rate increasing in 5-8 times and vulcanizate durability increasing in 2 times.

Possibility of dry powders chemical modification is the one of the particularities of AVS unit application. Effect of rubber reinforcement and applying such extenders depends from the processing time and operational conditions of the vortex layer.

In the rubber production process by using latex the most volume of expenditures are paid for preparation of ingredient`s dispersion, curing agent dispersion, kaolin and soot, etc. On our and foreign plants these dispersions are prepared by using ball and vibration mills. In this case grinding duration can reached 70 hours or even more.

Application of AVS unit intensifies the process of suspension production and allows increasing the quality of products.

Table 3

Comparative data of sodium fluate stability

obtained by using AVS and ball mill

Suspension preparation time		Maximum particles size, mcm	Daily settle, %
by AVS, seconds	by Ball mill, hours	Maximum particles size, mcm	Daily settle, %
10	—	3	35
20	—	2	34
30	—	1	27
60	—	1	26
—	48	5	100

This table shows that by using AVS can be obtained fine and stable suspension of sodium fluate. In this case time of preparation can be reduced in 1700 times.

Our technology is implemented by different factories to produce suspension of latex technology. Productivity of this unit is 1 m3/h (fig. 1). Application of AVS units give a possibility to replace 8 vibration mills (each of these mill has a volume 400 liters), and in addition implement to the uninterrupted process which allow increasing the quality of manufactured product.

Figure 1. Application of AVS unit. Suspension production technological diagram
1 – vessels for pre-mixing of components; 2 – pump; 3 – AVS; 4 – valve for sampling; 5- tank for prepared suspension

Table 4

Comparative data of latex sponge physical and mechanical properties

The mode of vulcanizator’s general dispersion preparation	Physical and mechanical properties of the latex foam
	volume weight, gr/cm3	Hardness НВ·10-5, Pа	Breaking strengthσр·10-5 Pа	Stretch ratio, %	Elastic recovery, %	Residual deformation after repeated compression, %
Ball mill	0,102	0,198	0,338	137	88	19
	0,119	0,173	0,322	133	89	28
	0,106	0,154	0,326	108	91	25
	0,126	0,204	0,334	126	91	15
AVS	0,099	0,097	0,400	176	90	1,2
	0,101	0,091	0,401	180	90	0,9
	0,101	0,098	0,407	180	98	1,2
	0,101	0,098	0,407	180	98	1,2

By using AVS we can obtain such mixtures of kaolin and natural latex (parotex) which is antifloating during 2 weeks.

All prepared in AVS suspensions are very stable and antifloating. After 5 min mixing in AVS unit we obtain suspension which separate during the day only in 5 %. The same suspension but obtained by using ball mill (processing time – 4 hours), is separating during the day in 100%.

The carbon black suspension prepared by AVS is antifloating. At the same time, the same suspension prepared in ball mill is unstable and after one day is completely separated.

The efficiency of AVS unit on latex production is obvious.

If you don’t found on this website the information you need concerning application of AVS unit, you can contact directly with the manager in charge of AVS unit by using only following email: [email protected] or skype: mg5globecore_de and we will prepare for you all required information as soon as possible

Wastewater treatment from fluorine and nitrocompound

June 18, 2014Articles, Useful

Fluorine-containing wastewater

The wastewater from chemical and metallurgical enterprises which contain fluorine compounds is classified as harmful wastewater. Treatment of these wastewater from fluorine involves some problems and requires of considerable expenses and expensive reagents.

filtrovanie_vodi Water treatment from slight fluorine concentration is extremely important. These difficulties are concerned with chemical particularities of fluorine compounds. As is well-known, the substantial dissolubility has only alkali metal salts of fluoride, potassium, and ammonium.

Regardless of the fact that all metal fluorides (except for alkali metal fluoride) named as “marginally soluble” or “insoluble”, their solubility exceed the acceptable sanitary regulation for fluorine content in water in tens of times.

Enterprises encounter with formidable difficulties during the treatment of wastewater from fluorine. For example, acidic water from superphosphate production plants contains up to 2,5 g/l of fluorine. The chalk or lime milk is usually used for wastewater neutralization and fluorine elimination. The water is treats by the chalk (lime milk) in the 40 m³reactor-neutralizers which are equip by arm mixers. Hardly soluble substances such as CaF₂, CaSO₄, CaHPO₄, Ca₃(PO₄)₂ are precipitated in the result of chemical transformation.

Methods of wastewater treatment from fluorine

Usually enterprises are used two methods of fluorine-containing wastewater treatment:

Chemical method by using different reagents;
Sorption method

As reagents in the chemical method of wastewater treatment can be used lime, calcium salt, magnesium salt, lead salt, basic ammonia chloride and others.

It was observed that application of AVS unit for fluorine-containing wastewater treatment is more effective than current used equipment

Compared to other salts which can be used as a reagent, the calcium salt has more advantages. Application of calcium salt allows creating of highly coagulable sediments.

Neutralizing product (calcium fluoride) can be used as commercial product. This product is comparative marginally soluble (dissolubility is 15,6 mg/dm³)

The most effective fluorine ions precipitating agent is technological lime. Active calcium oxide containing in the lime has a significant importance. Other chemical precipitating agents leave a great quantity of its in treated wastewater.

It is established that the presence of HCO^–₃ and SO^2-₄ions in wastewater is the cause of increasing of CaF₂sedimentation speed. To the contrary, the presence of fluorine ions in the water is the cause of decreasing of CaF₂sedimentation. Therefore it should be noted that it is impossible to well purify the wastewater from fluorine by use only reagents whose action is focused only on chemical reaction of sedimentation.

The sorption method of wastewater treatment is based on utilization of different sorbents which are acting under the chemisorption principle.

Let us look at the following wastewater characteristic and description of the technological schema of wastewater treatment of superphosphate production (chemical method of treatment is used). The wastewater contain not less than 1500 mg/dm³ of fluorine, not less than 6500 mg/dm³ of phosphates, pH is on level 2,5-3,5.

Chalk and lime is wide used by enterprises as a reagent for neutralization and treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater. Hardly soluble and insoluble compounds such as CaF₂, CaHPO₄, Ca₃(PO₄)₂, SiO₂ are precipitate in the result of chemical transformations

Traditional used method of treatment from fluorine

Neutralization and treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater is made in the following way.

Pre-treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater begin in the lime-slaking apparatus in which prepare the lime milk with 1-3% active CaO content.

Installation of the AVS-100 unit enables one to provide a treatment quality below the maximum permissible concentration, reduces the consumption of reagent by 1.5-2 times, the consumption of energy by 2 times, reduces the working area by 10-15%, which results in high economic benefits

Partially defluorinated wastes with pH level 10-13 are entered in the intermediate container and then by natural flow are entered to reactors. Further treatment is carried out in the chain of reactors

Neutralized and defluorinated wastewater are entered in clarifier. The wastewater settles out in that clarifier basin. Residual fluorine content in sterilized wastewater is 50-60 mg/dm³, pH 8-12, calcium content is 2500-6000 mg/dm³. Sterilization time in reactors is 30 min.

It was investigated that if we use the chalk as a reagent for fluorine-containing wastewater treatment, we obtain the residual fluorine content in the water in 1,5-3 times and phosphate ions in 10-20 times more than if we use the lime milk. In this level of treatment we cannot discharge the defluorinated wastewater into water supply sources. Fluorine content cannot exceed 1,5-60 mg/dm³.

Application of AVS unit for fluorine-containing wastewater treatment

In this investigation we have used

wastewater with fluorines content 1375 mg/dm³,
phosphates – 4500 mg/dm³,
water pH – 3.3,
10% concentration lime milk,
processing time in the AVS unit – 1-30 seconds,
reagent consumption – 70-120% from stoichiometric,
pH of defluorinatation process – 4-12.

Results of investigations are on the table 1

Table 1

Fluorine content in wastewater after treatment by AVS unit, mg/dm³

Lime milk consumption (active CaO), %	Processing time, s
Lime milk consumption (active CaO), %	1	3	5	10	20	30
70 % fromstoichiometric calculation	90,00	88,0	86,0	84,0	82,0	80,0
90 % fromstoichiometric calculation	42,0	40,0	38,5	36,5	34,6	33,0
stoichiometric calculation	30,0	29,0	25,0	23,5	19,0	17,0
110 % fromstoichiometric calculation	20	15	12	9	6,0	2,0

As is known, pH of the medium has a considerable influence on the wastewater treatment process. Optimum pH of the medium leads to the optimal treatment results.

For this investigation we have used the wastewater with following content: fluorine – 1375 mg/dm³; phosphates – 4500 mg/dm³. During the treatment process we changed the wastewater pH from 4 to 12.25 by using 10% lime milk. Processing time is 1-3 seconds.

Results of investigations are on the table 2

Table 2

The pH influence on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment after processing by AVS unit

Residual content, mg/dm³	pH ofwastewater
Residual content, mg/dm³	4	5	5,7	6,35	7,0	8,1	9,2	10,1	11,0	11,9	12,25
F	180,0	92,0	65,0	55,0	45,0	25,0	15,0	11,0	7,0	3,9	1,35
P₂O₅	1920,0	720,0	450,0	83,5	27,0	0,2	0	0	0	0	0

We have made our investigations in industrial conditions by using industrial installation of AVS unit. According to our technological schema, untreated waste from industrial shopfloor enters to the equalizing tank; lime milk (prepared in the lime carbonater extinguisher) enters into consumption tank.

Equalized waste and lime milk uninterruptedly enter the AVS unit by means of dosing pump. All these components are mixed (also take place dispergation and electromagnetic processing) and are entered to the settling tank for further defecation. Flow meters are controlling the consumption of wastewater and lime milk, pH of wastewater are controlling by pH meter.

Results of investigation are on the table 3

Table 3

The influence of lime milk consumption on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment after processing by AVS
(ferromagnetic particles: steel, d=1,6 мм, l=16 мм, m=175 g, τ=3 с)

Residual content of harmful agent, mg/dm³	Lime milk consumption (CaO) from theoretical calculation, %
Residual content of harmful agent, mg/dm³	70	80	90	100	110	120
Fluorine content (F)	98,0	60,0	35,0	20,0	10,0	0,75
Phosphates content (P₂O₅)	1290,0	750,0	8,4	0	0	0

Table 4

The influence of the processing by AVS on the effectiveness of wastewater treatment

Base values				Wastewater’s values after processing on AVS unit
Wastewater			Lime milk	Wastewater’s values after processing on AVS unit
pH	F, mg/dm³	P₂O₅, mg/dm³	CaO,%	pH	F, mg/dm³	P₂O₅, mg/dm³
3,65	350	2100	105	7,6	10	32
3,65	700	2250	105	8,2	7,5	8
5,9	1100	3200	105	9,2	5	0
3,0	1500	6500	105	11,5	1,2	0
3,0	1500	5100	110	11,6	1,15	0
3,95	750	5000	110	9,3	4,5	0
3,95	750	5050	110	8,6	7,1	0
3,95	750	5050	110	10,0	1,4	0

It was observed that application of AVS unit for fluorine-containing wastewater treatment is more effective than current used equipment.

The productivity of AVS-100 unit is 15 m³/h, AVS-150 – up to 40 m³/h.

For reference, by using traditional methods of treatment from fluorine, neutralization process lasts 1-1.5 hours. Residual fluorine content in the water is 50-60 mg/l. Even if we will be using the chain of reactors, relative productivity cannot exceed 0.25 m3/h. As you can see – the effectiveness of AVS unit is obvious.

Besides, defluorination and insolubilizing of fluorine passes in one stage. Treated water contains 1.5 mg/dm³ of fluorine and there are no phosphates. Processing time of wastewater treatment in AVS unit is 1-3 seconds. It is rational to use the lime as a reagent.

Installation of the AVS-100 unit enables one to provide a treatment quality below the maximum permissible concentration, reduces the consumption of reagent by 1.5-2 times, the consumption of energy by 2 times, reduces the working area by 10-15%, which results in high economic benefits.

Nitrocompounds in wastewater

AVS unit can be also implemented for water treatment from aromatic nitrocompounds. Usage of AVS allows restore nitrocompounds to amines. For this process we can recommend ferromagnetic particles made from soft carbon steel and diameter 1-1.4 mm, l/d from 12 to 16 mm.